DEFINE INTERNET AND ITS BUSINESS USAGE INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET AND HISTORY OF INTERNET
Introduction
Internet is the Network of Networks. It is International Network connection that links computer at academic, scientific commercial, and home etc. Internet is World Wide Web of millions of computers inter-connected through satellite link.
History
The Internet began in 1969, as an experimental four computer network called ARPAnet (Advance Research Project Agencies Network) which was designed by U.S Defense Department so that research scientists could communicate. It approximately two years, ARPAnet grew to about two dozen sites and by 1981, consisted of more than two hundred sties. In 1990, ARPAnet was officially disband and the network, which consisted of hundred of sites, come to be known as the Internet.
The early Internet was used by computer experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians. There was nothing friendly about it. There were no home or office personal computers in those days, and anyone who used it, whether a computer professional or an engineer or scientist or librarian, had to learn to use a very complex system.
E-mail was adapted for ARPAnet by Ray Tomlinson of BBN in 1972. He picked the @ symbol from the available symbols on his teletype to link the username and address.
Delphi was the first national commercial online service to offer Internet access to its subscribers. It opened up an email connection in July 1992 and full Internet service in November 1992.
After a while, commercial organization began to recognize the use of such a network that converted the whole world into a 'Global Village' and allowed almost instant access to business or commercial data and a host of other service such as E-Mail and E-Commerce.
Microsoft's full scale entry into the browser, server, and Internet Service Provider market completed the major shift over to a commercially based Internet. The release of Windows 98 in June, 1998 with the Microsoft browser will integrated into the desktop shows Bill Gates' determination to capitalize on the enormous growth of the Internet. Microsoft's success over the past few year has brought court challenges to their dominance. We shall leave it up to you whether you think these battles should be played out in the courts or the marketplace.
The Internet is the actual network of networks, where all the information resides. Things like Telnet, FTP, Internet gaming, Internet Relay Chart (IRC), and email are all part of the Internet, but are not part of the World Wide Web. The Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the method used to transfer Web Pages to your computer. With hypertext, a word or phrase can contain a link to another Web site. All Web pages are written in the hyper-text markup language (HTML), which works in conjunction with HTTP. through Internet, you can communicate with any computer user having an Internet connection any where in the world. You can exchange message with him, you can talk to him through computer or phone , you can send any file to him, you can receive any file from him and you can have on-line conversation with him through typing from keyboard.
BUSINESS USAGE OF INTERNET
Discuss Merit & Demerit of Internet
Merit / Advantage of Internet:
Delphi was the first national commercial online service to offer Internet access to its subscribers. It opened up an email connection in July 1992 and full Internet service in November 1992.
After a while, commercial organization began to recognize the use of such a network that converted the whole world into a 'Global Village' and allowed almost instant access to business or commercial data and a host of other service such as E-Mail and E-Commerce.
Microsoft's full scale entry into the browser, server, and Internet Service Provider market completed the major shift over to a commercially based Internet. The release of Windows 98 in June, 1998 with the Microsoft browser will integrated into the desktop shows Bill Gates' determination to capitalize on the enormous growth of the Internet. Microsoft's success over the past few year has brought court challenges to their dominance. We shall leave it up to you whether you think these battles should be played out in the courts or the marketplace.
The Internet is the actual network of networks, where all the information resides. Things like Telnet, FTP, Internet gaming, Internet Relay Chart (IRC), and email are all part of the Internet, but are not part of the World Wide Web. The Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the method used to transfer Web Pages to your computer. With hypertext, a word or phrase can contain a link to another Web site. All Web pages are written in the hyper-text markup language (HTML), which works in conjunction with HTTP. through Internet, you can communicate with any computer user having an Internet connection any where in the world. You can exchange message with him, you can talk to him through computer or phone , you can send any file to him, you can receive any file from him and you can have on-line conversation with him through typing from keyboard.
BUSINESS USAGE OF INTERNET
Discuss Merit & Demerit of Internet
Merit / Advantage of Internet:
- Internet Banking and Financial Services:
The banking uses electronics found transfer (EFT) to transfer money between amount. - Online Shopping Mall:
Online Shopping Mall presents consumers with a vide selection of products and services. Consumer can search a shop for a verity of products and rather then making several separate purchases, they can use the mall shopping cart technology to purchase items from many stores. - Internet Advertising and Marketing:
Web is playing major role on the advertising and marketing. Online advertising is becoming significant part of promotional world. Internet marketing strategy can include emailing advertising and customer relationship management (CRM). - Online Travel Services:
Web surfers can search for and arrange all of their travel and accommodation online. The web gives people much of the same information previously accessible only by travel agents. - Online Lending, Share Dealing and Trading:
Online lending is growing segment of E-Commerce. You might find a loan with a lower rate online then through traditional landing channels. Brokerage houses sites allow you to research security, buy, sell and manage all of your investment for you desktop. - Internet Publishing & News Services:
Web is playing is a major role in news industry. - Online Jobs:
Recruiting and job searching can be done effectively on the web, weather you are an employer or job seekers. The Internet can improve your ability to recruit or find a job. - E-Learning:
Universities and corporate training companies offer higher quality distance education directly over the web. - Virtual Auction:
Auctions sites act as a forum through which Internet user can log on and assume the role of either bidder or seller. Reserve price is a lowest price that the seller will accept in any type of auction. - Retailing:
In Traditional retailing the customer went to the store retailer is going to the customer. Retailers are optimizing selection and availability while minimizing absolute inventory level. - Online entertainment:
Entertainment industry sells movie tickets, albums and any other entertainment relating contents they can fit on a web page. - Personalisation:
Personalisation technology understand the customer needs and customising with a company products, services, website and employee. - Public Relation:
Public Relation includes communicating with your customers and company through press releases, speeches, special events, presentations and emails. - Education / Books:
Internet is used for online reading and downloading the books. - Email:
Internet is used to send letter from one location to another location very easily for example e-mail. - Downloading Software:
You can download many software programm through Internet by payment or free. - Chatting:
Chatting is used for online conversation / discussion with a person on the net.
Some important dis-advantages of Internet are as follows:
- Hacking:
Hacking is one of the most important disadvantages of Internet. The hackers access the data stored on the computers across the Internet. They can use this data illegally or even destroy it. - Immorality:
Internet contains a large number of immoral websites. These websites contains such material that is against the moral values of our society. These websites are damaging character of young people. - Security Problems:
Internet has created many security problems. Important data can be hacked on Internet. Hackers also damage different websites and delete their contents. They also retrieve critical data of different organisations and governments. - Viruses:
Internet is the most important source of spreading computer viruses. Peoples spread viruses using Internet and Emails. Many websites also contain different viruses that are copied to the computers when users download data from these websites, then through data viruses are also downloaded. - Wastage of Time:
Many people use Internet without any positive purpose. The young people waste their time in chatting. It effect their performance and makes them inefficient. - Cyber Crime:
Internet is a source of many cyber crimes. People use Internet for negative activities. They hacks the credit card numbers of the people and use them for shopping. Some users use Internet to spread illegal and immoral material. Many governments are introducing laws to stop cyber crimes.
WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
The part of the Internet that stores information in multimedia form that is sound, photos and video as well as text and makes the exchange of information easily. The number of computer connected to the Internet worldwide is said to have topped 82 million in 1996 and is predict to reach 300 million by 2003.
ELECTRONIC MAIL (E-MAIL)
E-mail (electronic mails) is the exchange of computer-stored messages by telecommunication. We can say that is e-mail that defines how messages should be sent and receive between different computers on the Internet. The software, which does this, is known as "gateway". Email was one of the first uses of Internet and is still the most popular. Email is superior to paper mail.
FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
PROTOCOL
A way of language in which two computers are communicating or set of rules is known as protocol. On the basis of these rules computers are communicate each others. There are different types of protocols which are used in Internet / E-Commerce are as follow:
PROTOCOL
A way of language in which two computers are communicating or set of rules is known as protocol. On the basis of these rules computers are communicate each others. There are different types of protocols which are used in Internet / E-Commerce are as follow:
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
The TCP is responsible for the reliable transmission of data from one node to another. It is a connection-based protocol and establishes a connection (also known as a session, virtual circuit, or link), between two machines before any data is transferred. - Internet Protocol (IP):
Internet Protocol IP is a packet-switched protocol that performs addressing and route selection. As a packet is transmitted, this protocol appends a header to the packet so that it can be routed through the network using dynamic routing tables. IP is a connectionless protocol and sends packets without expecting the receiving host t acknowledge receipt. - URL:
It stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It is also called the Website address. URL may be define as a unique way to access the different services on the Internet.
http://www.informationtechnology.com in this http:// is URL - File Transfer Protocol (FTP):
FTP stands for "File Transfer Protocol". It is common method of transferring files via the Internet from one computer to another. You can use a web browser like Netscape or Internet Explorer to access FTP servers. To do this, you need to type the URL of the server into the location field of the browser, for example: "ftp://ftp.servername.com/"will give you a lists of all directories of the FTP server, "ftp://ftp.servername.com/directory/" will give you a listing of all the files available in that directory, and "ftp://ftp.servername.com/directory/filename" will download the actual file to your computer. Many FTP servers are "anonymous FTP" servers which means you can log in with the user name "anonymous" and your e-mail address as the password. Other FTP servers require a specific login in order to access the files.
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (E-Commerce)
E-Commerce or Electronic Commerce is the process of buying and selling or exchange of products, services and information over a variety of computer networks. An E-Business enterprise uses the Internet, Intranet, Extra-net and other network to support every step of the commercial process. This might includes everything from advertising, sales and customer support on the World Wide Web, to Internet security and payment mechanisms that ensure completion of delivery and payment process.
There are main three types of E-Commerce.
- Business - To - Business E - Commerce (B2B):
It is the type of E-Commerce where both the buyers and the sellers are organisations using computer networks, for example: AB Book shop want to purchase certain computer books from XY publication on Internet, then it is B2B E-Commerce. - Business to Consumer E - Commerce (B2C):
It is the type of E-Commerce where a business is selling on line to an individual consumer. These are relating transaction with individual shopper using computer networks.
In this type of E-Commerce business can occur between a business and consumer, for example: Commerce College want to purchase some computer books from AB bookshop through Internet then it is called business to consumer E-Commerce. - Consumer - To - Consumer E - Commerce (C2C):
It is the type of E-Commerce where consumer sells directly to consumer. When a business takes place between two consumers online then it is called as the Consumer - To - Consumer E-Commerce. Examples are individual selling in classified ads and selling residential property, cars and so on. Several auction sites allow individual to put item up for auction. Many individual are using intranet and other organizational network to advertisement item for sale or service.
VIDEO CONFERENCING
Uses video and computer technology to conduct a meeting between participants who are scattered across a country, continent, or the world in which people in different geographically location, can see, and hear one another using computer and communication.
Sessions are held in real time, with major participants being televised while participants at remote sites usually take part with voice input of questions and responses.
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
Web Site, Web Page, Home Page, A-Web Site
(Locations of Hyper Linked Document)
The place you visit on the Web are called Web Site or A collection of related web pages that you can access electronically is called web site. It contain text, graphics, sound and video. A Web Site is the Internet location of a computer or server on which a hyper linked document is stored. The estimated number of such sites throughout the world range above 1,250,000. Any person in the world who know the WEB site address can access it. e.g. ptv.net.pk, ptcl.com.pk, vu.edu.pk etc
Web Page (Hypertext Document)
A Web Page is a document on web, consisting of an HTML file. The home page is the main page or first screen you see when you access a Web site. Web site and home page tend to be used interchangeably, although a site may have many pages, for example: http://www.hec.edu.pk/scholarship.html
In the above example hec.edu.pk is website or domain name and scholarship.html is webpage.
Home Page
The Home Page or Welcome Page is the main page or first screen you see when you access a Web site is called Home Page.
HYPERLINK
A Hyperlink is part of the text or graphics on a web page. When the user click on it, it automatically:
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
Web Site, Web Page, Home Page, A-Web Site
(Locations of Hyper Linked Document)
The place you visit on the Web are called Web Site or A collection of related web pages that you can access electronically is called web site. It contain text, graphics, sound and video. A Web Site is the Internet location of a computer or server on which a hyper linked document is stored. The estimated number of such sites throughout the world range above 1,250,000. Any person in the world who know the WEB site address can access it. e.g. ptv.net.pk, ptcl.com.pk, vu.edu.pk etc
Web Page (Hypertext Document)
A Web Page is a document on web, consisting of an HTML file. The home page is the main page or first screen you see when you access a Web site. Web site and home page tend to be used interchangeably, although a site may have many pages, for example: http://www.hec.edu.pk/scholarship.html
In the above example hec.edu.pk is website or domain name and scholarship.html is webpage.
Home Page
The Home Page or Welcome Page is the main page or first screen you see when you access a Web site is called Home Page.
HYPERLINK
A Hyperlink is part of the text or graphics on a web page. When the user click on it, it automatically:
- Take you to a different part of the same page.
- Takes you to a different page with in the web site.
- Takes you to a page in different web site.
- Enable you to download file.
- Lunches an application, video or sound.
Search engine is a website that provides you the facility to find the required websites on a particular topic. Search engine use keywords entered by the users to find websites, which contain the information sought. A special kind of web page where the user type in query and in return receives a list of links to sites that include all or part of what was typed. Generally it is good idea to type several words (four or five) rather than one or two, for example: if you want to search Pakistani Universities type "Universities of Pakistan". The most commonly use search engine are Google, Yahoo, Alta vista etc.
What is Google (http://www.google.com)
Google is a Search Engine. Google is used search / surf the Internet / WWW found at www.google.com. Google is fast and easy to use search engine, which produce good result. Google has a new tabbed interface with a set of tabs to provide easier access to search result from all websites. Google's properties, including Web search, image search, Google Groups, and the Google Directory. You can also search by file type e.g. pdf or asp or html.
What is Yahoo (http://www.yahoo.com)
Yahoo is a website which is also use as a Search Engine. Yahoo is used to search / surf the Internet / WWW found at www.yahoo.com. Yahoo is fast and easy to use search engine, which produces good results.
What is Alta Vista (http://www.altavista.com)
Alta Vista is a Search Engine. Alta Vista is used to search / surf the Internet / WWW found at www.altavista.com. Alta Vista is also fast and easy to use search engine, which produces good result.
WEB BROWSERS (Internet Explorer, Netscape)
A Web browser or browser is a graphical user interface software that displays/search or locate a Web document after you are online with an online service or ISP.
Web browser translated HTML documents and allows you to view Web pages on your computer screen.
The main browsers are Netscape, Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Hot Java and Opera etc.
What is Google (http://www.google.com)
Google is a Search Engine. Google is used search / surf the Internet / WWW found at www.google.com. Google is fast and easy to use search engine, which produce good result. Google has a new tabbed interface with a set of tabs to provide easier access to search result from all websites. Google's properties, including Web search, image search, Google Groups, and the Google Directory. You can also search by file type e.g. pdf or asp or html.
What is Yahoo (http://www.yahoo.com)
Yahoo is a website which is also use as a Search Engine. Yahoo is used to search / surf the Internet / WWW found at www.yahoo.com. Yahoo is fast and easy to use search engine, which produces good results.
What is Alta Vista (http://www.altavista.com)
Alta Vista is a Search Engine. Alta Vista is used to search / surf the Internet / WWW found at www.altavista.com. Alta Vista is also fast and easy to use search engine, which produces good result.
WEB BROWSERS (Internet Explorer, Netscape)
A Web browser or browser is a graphical user interface software that displays/search or locate a Web document after you are online with an online service or ISP.
Web browser translated HTML documents and allows you to view Web pages on your computer screen.
The main browsers are Netscape, Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Hot Java and Opera etc.
- INTERNET EXPLORER:
INTERNET EXPLORER a popular Web browser, created by Microsoft, used to view pages on the World Wide Web.
The major difference between Internet Explorer and Navigator are:- Internet Explorer supports ActiveX and VBSscript, while Navigator does not.
- Internet Explorer runs only under Windows and on Macintosh Operating System while Navigator runs on theses platforms as well as Unix.
- Otherwise, the two browsers are very similar. Both support Java and JavaScript.
- Click Start button on taskbar.
- Point to Programm.
- Click on Internet Explorer.
OR - Double click on Internet Explorer on Desktop.
- NETSCAPE Navigator:
The Netscape browser was originally based on the Mosaic program developed at tthe National Center for Supercomputing applications (NCSA). Netscape has grown in features rapidly and is widely recognised as the best and most popular web browser.
Netscape's latest browser suite (Communicator) features AOL's Instant messaging software as well as it's own basic HTML editor composer. A Web browser that's widely used because of its speed and easy to interface.
To start Netscape use the following steps:- Click Start button on taskbar.
- Point to Programm.
- Click on Netscape.
OR - Double click on Netscape Icon on desktop.
The toolbar is group of picture button just below the menu bar; it provide shortcut for running command. Toolbar provide shortcuts to menu commands. Toolbars contain different tools. Toolbars are located just below the menu bar.
MENU BAR
The menu bar is directly below the title bar and it display the menu. a menu displays a list of commands. There are total six menu on Menu Bar as shown.
STANDARD TOOLBAR
The main toolbar has different buttons. Each has a different function and purpose in Internet Explorer.
The menu bar is directly below the title bar and it display the menu. a menu displays a list of commands. There are total six menu on Menu Bar as shown.
STANDARD TOOLBAR
The main toolbar has different buttons. Each has a different function and purpose in Internet Explorer.
- Back Button
This button will take you back to the previous page. If you are viewing first web page, this button will be disabled. - Forward Button
This button will take you forward to the next web page. If have click Bank button, you can go to the next web page by using, Forward button. If you have not back up at all, the Forward button will not be able or active. - Stop Button
The Stop Button stops any current operations by Internet Explorer. The page you are downloading will be cancelled. - Refresh Button
This button will reload the current web page that you are viewing. It is useful if the page updates very frequent so that you can view these changes as soon as they are available. - Home Button
This button will return you t5o the default start - up page of Internet Explorer. You can set any web page as default page. - Search Button
This button will take you to the default search page for Internet Explorer. - Favorites Button
This button will open up the Favorite menu. You can go to any web page in the list. You can also add a favorite to the list. - History Button
This button will open the history folder. This folder contains all the links to pages that you have previously visited. - Mail Button
This button allows you to read or sent e-mail. You ca also, open up your newsgroups from this menu. - Print Button
The print button will bring up the Print dialog box. - Edit Button
This button will open a web page editor. It will launch the editor and open the current web page-in it for editing.
ADDRESS BAR
Address Bar displays the exact Url location of the page you are currently viewing. You can also type a Web address in to this bar and then press the "GO" icon to go to that site.
STATUS BAR
The button of the page is the status bar. It displays the progress of the browser while it downloads files. It also shows the linnk when move the mouse on a hyperlink.
HISTORY, ADD TO FAVORITES
History
It mean to find web sites and pages visited in the last few days.
To find a page you have seen in the last few days.
Address Bar displays the exact Url location of the page you are currently viewing. You can also type a Web address in to this bar and then press the "GO" icon to go to that site.
STATUS BAR
The button of the page is the status bar. It displays the progress of the browser while it downloads files. It also shows the linnk when move the mouse on a hyperlink.
HISTORY, ADD TO FAVORITES
History
It mean to find web sites and pages visited in the last few days.
Finding Pages you have recently visited
There are several ways to find Web sites and pages you have viewed in the last fiew days, hours, or minutes.To find a page you have seen in the last few days.
- On the toolbar, click the History button. The History bar appears, containing links for Web sites and pages visited in previous days and weeks.
- In the History bar, click a week or day, click a Web site folder to display individual pages, and then click the pages icon to display the Web page.
- To return to the last page you viewed, click the Back button on the toolbar.
to view on the last nine pages you visited in this session, click the arrow to the side of the Back or Forward button, and then click the page you want from the list.
Add to Favorite
This procedure is used to add list of favorite pages.
To add a page to you list of favorite pages
- Go to the page that you want to add to your Favorites list.
- On the Favorites menu, click Add to Favorites.
- Type a name for the page if you want to.
- The process for updating the data warehouse database objects with a new data is called Refresh the Page. The Refresh process occurs after initial load on a scheduled basis and is monitored via warehouse management procedures.
- To refresh files means to make sure that they are still visible and have not been corrupted. This is usually accomplished by copying the data on to new media ad then copying it back again.
SAVE WEB PAGE ON HARD DISK / STORAGE
You can save a page to your computer hard disk or to a floppy disk or to any storage device. If you want to save a web page to Hard Disk or any storage device, follow these following steps
- Open the page in the browser.
- Click on the File menu.
- Click on Save As from the menu. A Save As dialog box will open.
- In Save In box enter the name of the location where you want to store the web page.
- In the File Name box, type a name for the page.
- In the Save As Type box, select a file type.
- Click on Save button in the dialog box.
SAVE PICTURE FROM WEB PAGE ON HARD DISK
You can save a picture to you computer hard disk or to a floppy disk or to any other storage device. If you want to save a picture from web page to Hard Disk or any storage device, follow these steps;
- Open the page, which have a picture in the browser.
- Select the Picture.
- Click on the File menu.
- Click on Save As from the menu. A Save As dialog box will appear.
- In Save In box enter the name of the file location where you want to store the picture.
- In the File Name box, type a name for the picture.
- In the Save As Type box, select a file type.
- Click on Save button in the dialog box.
OR
- Right click on Picture.
- Click on Save As.
- Select the location where you want to save picture.
- Enter name
- Press Enter Key or click on Save button.
PRINT A WEB PAGE
This procedure is used to print a web page or pages or selection.
To print a Web page / pages / selection follow the following steps;
- Open the Web page.
- On the File menu, click Print.
- Set the printing option you want.
- Press Print button.
DOWNLOAD INFORMATION
The process of loading data from Internet to your computer is known as downloading. Follow the following steps:
- Type the address of any required site in the address bar.
- Press enter key to download that site.
e.g. www.msn.com
Download Accelerator
Download Accelerator is a software download manage for the Mac OS and Microsoft Windows Operating environments.
Download Accelerator also provides auto antivirus scanning of downloaded contents by integrating with the antivirus software, such as Norton Anti Virus.
ISP's
ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. ISP provides the link between computer and Internet. A person has to get an account of an ISP establishing a connection to Internet.WEB LANGUAGE (HTML)
The language is wich we write a web page. HTML is web language.HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. The format, or language used on the Web is called Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML is the set of special instructions called tags or markup, that are used to specify document structure, formatting, and links to other documents.
COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL: TCP/IP
What is PROTOCOL or Communication Protocol?
A way of language in which two computers are communicating or set of rules is known as protocol. On the basis of these rules computer are communicate each other.TCP / IP stands for "Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol". These two protocols were developed in the early days of the Internet by the U.S. Military. The purpose was to allow computers to communicate over long distance networks. The TCP part has to do with the verifying delivery of the packets. The IP part refers to the moving of data packets between nodes. TCP/IP has since then become the foundation of the Internet. Therefore, TCP/IP software is built in to all major Operating Systems, such as Unix, Windows, and the Mac OS.
The TCP is responsible for reliable transmission of data form one node to another. It is a connection-based protocol and establishes a connection (also known as a session, virtual circuit, or link), between two machines before any data is transferred.
HTTP:// (HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL - COMMUNICATIONS STANDARD FOR THE WEB)
HTTP stands for "Hypertext Transfer Protocol". This is the protocol used to transfer data over the World Wide Web. That's why all Web site addresses begin with http://. When you type a URL into your browser and hit Enter, your computer sends an HTTP request to the appropriate Web Server. The Web Server, which is designed to handle HTTP requests, then sends to you the requested HTML pages.MODEMS
Modems stands for Modulation and Demodulation. Modem is an electronic device that converts digital signals to analog and analog signal into digital. Modem is the most common type of communication processor.CONNECTING TO INTERNET
If you want to make a new connection of the Internet there are basic requirement for this purpose.Computer System, Telephone Connection, Fax Modem Card & Internet Service Provider (ISP).
When these four requirements are fulfill then follow following steps to make a new connection
- Double Click on My Computer.
- Choose Dail-Up Networking.
- Enter name for connection that is name of any ISP name & click Next.
- If you have not installed Fax Modem install it then click Next and again Next.
- After making connection double Click on connection and then fill the following figure for connecting to ISP.