DEFINE OPERATING SYSTEM
& IT'S CLASSIFICATION:
Operating System:-
Operating System is a group of program that controls all
operations of computer system and its components. An operating system is an
integrated collection of computer resources and special resources that are used
to manage overall operations. A computer can do nothing without Operating
System. Without operating any computer cons not work. User interacts with computer
through Operating System. Is converted to a computer, the operating system you
are running and working properly check all parts of the computer. Operating
system manages all operation on computer after loading. Some popular operating
system for IBM PC-DOS, MS Windows -2000, OS / 2 and unduz- XP.
Types of Operating System:-
Operating system is classified according to the criterion,
which is mentioned below.
- Signal
User Operating System
- Multi
User Operating System
Single User Operating
System:-
Allows only one user to use single user operating system. For
example DOS.
Multi User Operating System
:-
Multi-user more time to use the operating system in a system that
allows a user. For example Windows XP, LINUX, XENIX, Novel Netware etc.
DOS (Disk Operating System)
:-
DOS is Disk Operating System. A town on the computer disk because
it is the disk operating system. It and manage information flow to different
parts of the computer system. MS-DOS is like an interpreter between you and
your computer. It helps you to interact with your disk, printer etc. MS-DOS is
command driven operating system.
There are two types of DOS
commands
1. Internal
Commands
2. External
Commands
INTERNAL COMMANDS :-
Internal commands are stored in the COMMAND.COM file and loaded
into memory when you start your computer. Such as DIR, COPY etc. Various
internal commands are listed below:
CLS Command :-
This command is used to clears the screen.
Syntax:
CLS
e.g.
C\:>cls (Press Enter Key)
DIR Command :-
This command is used to display the contents of a directory sub directory.
Syntax:
DIR/Switches
e.g.
C\:>DIR (Press Enter Key) To display directory.
C\:>DIR/P (Press Enter Key) To Display Directory Page wise.
C\:> DIR/W (Press Enter Key) To Display directory width wise.
C\:> DIR/W/P (Press Enter Key) To Display directory width and
page wise both.
C\:> DIR A*.* (Press Enter Key) To Display file name which is
started from A.
CHDIR/CD :-
It stands for change directory. This command is used to changes the current
working directory to another directory of display the name of the current
directory.
Syntax:
CD or CD DIRECTORY NAME
e.g.
C:\>CD GCC (Press Enter Key
)
or
C:\>CHDIR GCC (Press Enter Key)
C:\>CD(Press Enter Key) Change to root directory
C:\>CD..(Press Enter Key) Change to present directory.
MKDIR / MD :-
It stands for make
directory. It uses for creating a subdirectory or branch of a root directory.
Syntax:
MD directory name (Press Enter Key)
e.g.
C:\>MKDIR GCC (Press Enter
Key) or
C:\>MD GCC (Press Enter Key)
RMDIR / RD :-
RD stands for remove directory. Through this command, we can
remove any existing empty directory.
Syntax:
RD Directory Name
e.g.
C:\>RD Directory Name (Press Enter Key)
C:\>RD GCMS (Press Enter
Key)
or
C:\>RMDIR GCMS (Press enter Key)
TIME :-
Time uses to change the systems’ time.
Syntax:
TIME
For example C:\>TIME (Press Enter Key)
The Time is displayed on the screen in the following style:
Hours: Minutes: Second: Hundreds
Hours specify the hours. Valid
values are 0 to 23.
Minutes specify the minute. The
correct values are from 0 to 59.
Second specify the second. The
correct values are from 0 to 59.
Hundredths specify the hundredth of a
second. Valid Values are 0 to 99
A/P specify A.M. Or after lunch
for 12 hours
DATE :-
This command is used display or changes the date of the system if
necessary.
Syntax:
DATE
Date is displayed on the screen in the following manner:
DATE [mm-dd-yy]
mm It mean month i.e. 1 - 12.
dd It means day i.e. 1 - 31.
yy
It means year i.e. 1991, 1992.
For example C:\> DATE
(Press Enter Key)
VER :-
It is used to display the version of the command DOS, running
Syntax:
VER
C:\>VER (Press Enter Key)
VOL :-
This command is used to display the disk volume label if it
exists.
Syntax:
VOL
e.g.
C:\>VOL (Press Enter
Key) or
C:\>VOL A: (Press Enter Key)