When
computer & telecommunication is combined, it is called Information
Technology. Spread information from one place to another, information
technology computing technology that uses high-speed communication links. Sending
computer interconnection and enables people to receive information. The
communication links is used to connect each other in the world.
Computer
is an important component of Information Technology. Information technology is
used to solve problems computer.
The
world has become a global village due to advancement in Information Technology.
Information technology is the technology that uses computing with high speed
communication to spread information from one place to another. We can transfer
the information from place to place and person to person. It means a network of
computers for creating WEB Pages, producing videos digitally, selling, buying
and any type of business on the Internet, for example telephone and radio
equipment and switches used for voice communication.
COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Information technology components are as
follows:-
- COMPUTER: -
Electronic system that can be instructed to accept,
process, store and information.
- COMMUNICATION NETWORK: -
It is an interconnection of different location through
a medium that enable people to send and receive information easily and quickly.
- PEOPLE: -
People are required for the operation of all
Information Technology system. These include programmers and all others who
know the use of information technology.
- SOFTWARE: -
All programs which are used for solving problems and
to communicate with computer, i.e. Operating System, Spread Sheet, Word
Processing, Telecommunication Management Programs etc.
- DATA IS RAW MATERIAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY:-
Data can take many forms including numeric,
alphanumeric, alphabetical, audio and video etc.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DATA & INFORMATION
1. DATA :-
Data is a plural form of Latin word "Datum".
The collection of fact and figure is called data OR anything in raw form. Any
one can’t decision through data.
Example: When student fill college form the form consists of raw facts about
student. These raw facts are student name, father's name, marks obtain etc.
2. INFORMATION:-
To organize
the Data in meaningful form upon which people can take necessary decision is
called Information. e.g. 12,11,50,45 when sorted it become 11,12,45,50 which is
Information. Information is the meaningful, processed data, which is relevant
and accurate and thereby can be used in Decision - Making. Example vouchers are
merit lists; Merit list information.
Remember
that the computer is one of the data processing systems that convert raw data
in to useful information. Therefore we show it graphical as
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION
DATA:-
1. Data is a set of raw facts.
2. Data is used as input in the computer.
3. Data is not meaningful.
4. Data is asset of organization and is not available to
people for sale.
5. Data is an independent entity.
6. Data is not used in decision making.
7. Data is use rarely.
INFORMATION:-
1. Information is processed form of data.
2. Information is the output of computer.
3. Information is meaningful.
4. Information is normally available for sale.
5. Information is depend on data.
6. Information is very important for decision - making.
7. Information is used frequently.
TYPES OF DATA
There are different types of data.
1.
Alphabetic Data Type:
It consist
letter from A - Z capital form or a - z small letter. e.g. Abid, Peshawar,
Pakistan, Khan etc.
2. Numeric Data Type:
It consist
of digit form 0 - 9 e.g. 123, 567, 256 etc.
3. Alphanumeric Data Type:
It consist
on Alphabetic letters as well as numeric digits. e.g. Street No. A/10, F16, B52
etc.
4. Graphic Data Type:
It consist
tables, charts, graphics and statements.
5. Audio Data Type:
In consists
only sounds. For example radio news.
6. Video Data Type:
It consists
photos, image and moving picture. Such as TV News.
7.
Mixed Data Type:
Mixed data
type more than one type of data. Such as the merging of audio and video.
DATA PROCESSING LIFE CYCLE
Data
Processing life cycle is a collection of steps required to convert data into
information. Process of data processing life cycle are as follows.
- IN-PUT:
In this step, data is collected and given to the
computer for processing.
- PROCESS:
In this step, computer processes data to generate
information.
- OUT-PUT:
In this step, the information is given to the user as
output.
- STORAGE:
In this step, the information is stored in the
computer for future use. This step is optional.
CLASSIFICATION OF DATA PROCESSING
There are two types of data processing:-
MANUAL / CONVENTIONAL DATA PROCESSING:
Convention
is the manual method to convert the information to the data processing /
traditional data processing system data. Man himself collects data, classifies
and arranges data, performs manual calculations and therefore produces the
result put out of need. It is very simple and in expensive. Up to the last
century almost all data processing was done manually. Official person used
paper, pen and pencil to maintain records. Such data often had to be due to
clerical errors due to processing and therefore misrepresent the company's
records, to record their transactions Miss. Information was often received too
late to serve the organization purpose.
ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING (COMPUTER BASED DATA
PROCESSING):
An
Information System that uses Computer and their hardware and software is called
Electronic Data Processing or Computer-Based Data Processing or Computer Based
Information System. Electronic data processing or computer based information
systems, computer hardware and software, Internet and other telecommunication
systems, uses the network; Computer-based data resource management techniques
and many other information technologies to turn data resources into information
products for consumers and business professionals.
Electronic
computers electronic rather than mechanical manipulation and complete all the
data to update the file. It increased production data processing and less cost.
Speed, accuracy and reliability of computers are higher than traditional
data processing.
DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
The system
that process data and produce information is called Data Processing System or
Information Processing System. The below diagrammatic representation of DPS
(Data Processing System). There are mainly two of Data Processing Systems,
which were, discussed in previous topics.
ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING
Electronic
Data Processing is reshaping the basics of business. It has changed the way of
life. The use of computers has affected every aspect of life. The strategic
marketing and distribution depending on a customer service, operations,
products and electronic data processing (E.D.P.). Electronic data processing
systems play three important roles in any type of organization.
Ø Support of business operation.
Ø Support of managerial decision making.
Ø Support of strategic competitive advantage.
In today
business and every field of life Electronic Data Processing (E.D.P.) is
important component. Through Electronic Data Processing it is possible to
become a global enterprise. Electronic data processing organization by changing
business processes used for reconstruction work. Electronic data processing is
used to simplify complex processes. Receiving recording, processing and
retrieval of record in second. It is possible to access the desired record in
second. Electronic Data Processing (E.D.P.) permits the organization to create,
develop, and maintain database. Using Electronic Data Processing (E.D.P.) to
send, receive email and faxes. Access to internet and remote computer is
possible through it. The speed of the process of EDP and processing of
transactions is very high. Electronic Data Processing (E.D.P.) process the
transaction with high accuracy.